Our regular readers have lately been bent out of shape.
“Why isn’t the blog focusing more on the 2024 election? A lot’s been happening – right? Aren’t you going to write something on how badly Joe Biden is polling in the swing states?”
To which we have graciously replied that, yes, there have certainly been a number of interesting election-related developments since late February, but much else has been going on in the world since late winter that is worth commenting on, so we’ve attempted a balanced approach.
Furthermore, it was obvious by the first week of March that the 2024 election was going to be a do-over between President Biden and former President Trump. Given that so much is known about both men, we would have thrown all of our logs on the fire pretty early in the evening if we pivoted to laser-focused election coverage from early March onward. Instead, we left it to the the rest of the media space and blogosphere to handle the day-to-day while we placed the 2024 election on the back burner for four months to write about other topics of interest.
That being said, it’s now early June. The primaries have ended and Donald Trump just received 34 felony convictions in a Manhattan court of law. There are less than five months to go until election day, and election news is about to get interesting again – really interesting – for the first time since early February. Events are accelerating, and months of dogged polling and data analysis have begun to paint a picture of where the American electorate stands on the eve of the 2024 election.
So here we bring you our 2024 U.S. Election Update: Thinking…the Unthinkable? The photo above suggests what we mean by “thinking the unthinkable”.
Yes, it is conceivable that Mr. Trump will once again occupy the Oval Office come January. We did not view that as a real possibility six months ago, and back in December 2022 we had, in fact, penned a very confident missive that President Biden would be re-elected in a landslide, with long coattails, to boot.
Greymantle still believes that Mr. Biden will win re-election this November. What we are much less confident about is our earlier landslide prediction. Some things have changed on the ground, so we are doing what other serious forecasters do when the data changes: we are revising our forecast.
Here is what we predict: Biden will be re-elected by a nose on November 5 with between 270 and 290 electoral votes and a plurality of around 6 million popular votes. We regard the Biden re-election scenario as having a 52% probability. Our December 2022 election forecast did not include a percentage value, but had we assigned one, we would have assigned the ‘Biden Landslide’ scenario around an 80% probability, so confident were we with that prediction.
So, what changed between December 2022 and June 2024?
ENTER THE FOUR HORSEMEN OF THE BIDEN-POCALYPSE
Until last September, the odds of Joe Biden winning re-election again Donald Trump looked pretty good. The U.S. economy had held up very well in 2023 (as Greymantle had predicted!), and inflation measures were starting to recede after a massive spike in early 2022. Biden was ahead in the polls, even if his approval ratings remained unusually low for the third year of a presidency.
Biden declared the COVID-19 pandemic officially over in May 2023, in case anyone was paying attention. The last federal support measures, including enhanced Medicaid payments to states, began to be phased out. More importantly, life in the U.S. was returning to normal by a number of measures: family vacations, vehicle miles traveled, hotel stays, attendance at concerts (can anyone say ‘Taylor Swift?’) and sporting events, etc. were all way up.
Importantly, U.S. cities were quiet, if a bit less safe than they had been in 2019. But most Americans live in the suburbs anyway.
In response to a pandemic-driven spike in crime in 2020 and 2021, local police began to crack down in criminal behavior. Most crime statistics, particularly homicides, began to move in the right direction in 2023, even if residents of major cities did not immediately notice the difference.
Then October 7 happened.
Hamas’s bloody assault on Israel on the morning of Sunday, October 7 shook the world. In the eight months since the attack, it’s as if a great heaviness has descended on the United States. Events in the Middle East have acted as an unseen trigger on national consciousness. The war is like a dark cloud, but as other problems arise, they seem drawn to it as to a kind of spiritual magnet, deepening the cloud’s density. Making it thicker and heavier and more obscure.
The Israel-Hamas War is the first of four factors that Greymantle has dubbed “the four horsemen of the Biden-Pocalypse”, by which I mean that taken together, these four factors could lead to Biden’s undoing in November if not quickly mastered. They are:
- The Israel-Hamas War itself – both its length and intractability. The longer active hostilities last in Gaza without some end to the fighting, the worse the war is for Biden.
- The Federal Reserve’s decision to delay cutting short-term interest rates due to inflation’s stubborn persistence above historical norms.
- The crisis at the U.S. southern border with Mexico and Biden’s dithering in addressing it with forceful measures that would appeal to undecided voters.
- The FAFSA student aid form mess. This bureaucratic snafu would have had scant long-term effects in isolation, but the FAFSA delays in winter 2024 affected millions of families.
Each one of these factors would be troubling for Biden by themselves. Taken together, they have formed a thick ball of yarn that the president must be seen to swiftly untangle so as to reassure persuadable, undecided voters that he is still an effective president.
Time is running short.
Biden has some control over the first and the third factors, but both are complex, difficult problems requiring cooperation from other political actors (including hostile actors) and sustained attention to make rapid progress. Both of those quantities will be in short supply as the president campaigns for re-election. The second factor is largely out of Biden’s hands unless he exerts political pressure on the Fed to cut short-term rates before the Fed Board is comfortable doing so. Biden can also address the fourth factor, but some irrepairable damage may have already been done to his campaign.
Let’s briefly touch on each of these four items in turn.
ISRAEL-HAMAS WAR INFLAMES BIDEN’S LEFT FLANK, PRESSURING SWING STATES
As had been discussed ad nauseum in the press, the Israel-Hamas War has badly stirred up Biden’s ‘left flank’, which is to say younger and more left-leaning voters identifying as progressive who sympathize with the Palestinians and are hostile to Israeli. These include many Arab-Americans, some black Americans, a large subset of progressive whites, and other left-leaning subgroups. Biden badly needs these voters to turn up at the polls in November in three critical swing states – Georgia, Michigan and Wisconsin – in order to clinch the election. Without them, his path to victory narrows considerably.
Georgia is home to a large Black population concentrated in four large northern counties and the City of Atlanta, the jewel of the southeastern U.S. and, in some ways, Black America’s ‘southern capital‘. It is a near-black-majority city (47% in 2020) governed by the most durable and effective black urban political machine in the country. Atlanta is a center of contemporary black American arts and culture, including rap music and the visual arts, and is home to the largest contingent of historically Black colleges in the U.S.,including the renowned Spelman College and Morehouse College.
Black artists and intellectuals tend to lean further left politically than do Black Americans on average, meaning that they identify more strongly with the Palestinian cause and have been more incensed by Israel’s military operation in Gaza than other groups in the Democratic coalition. This is a big problem for President Biden in Georgia, a state that he won by only 11,200 votes in 2020, a razor thin and highly contested victory that he will need to repeat in 2024.
In Michigan, Biden faces a similar problem given a similarly politically oriented black population clustered in and around the City of Detroit (Black America’s ‘northern capital’ in some sense), which is also home to a large population of Arab- and Muslim-Americans. Detroit’s politics have leaned strongly leftward in recent years, particularly among its Congressional delegation. Detroit, like Atlanta, represents a turnout problem for Biden in an election that he and his advisors have made all about turnout. Biden’s advantage in Michigan is a popular Democratic governor (Gretchen Whitmer) and a much larger margin of victory in 2020 (155,000 votes) that will be tougher for Mr. Trump to upset in 2024.
Finally, Wisconsin represents a different problem for Biden related to the war. Wisconsin is highly polarized politically, with a state capital, Madison, that leans much farther to the left than most other state capitals and college towns. The city is home to the University of Wisconsin at Madison, famous for decades as a hotbed of hard-left sentiment and activism. Biden’s problem group in Madison is progressive whites of the ‘Queers for Palestine‘ variety, which is to say, hard-left white progressives who believe passionately in social justice ideology (SJI) and dispute Israel’s very right to exist.
In many ways, these young white progressives may be the toughest of the three groups to motivate.
Given who Biden’s opponent is, it’s more likely than not that Georgia’s black population will turn out to vote against Donald Trump, who in manner and rhetoric is all too similar to George Wallace and other segregationist politicians of past eras for them to consider as a serious alternative to Mr. Biden. These voters may be disappointed with the president. But they’re not crazy.
Given Mr. Trump’s personal closeness to Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, a figure despised to virtually all Arabs and Muslims, the chances of Michigan’s Arab and black voters staying home on November 5 and handing the election to Mr. Trump are unlikely. They know full well that Trump will offer even stronger support to Netanyahu than has Mr. Biden, even to the point of supporting a future Israeli decision to expel the entire Palestinian population from the Gaza Strip. Such an outcome is what these voters fear most. Most will come out to support Mr. Biden, the lesser of two evils, in their view.
The election could turn, then, on ‘woke’ college students in Madison, Wisconsin unless Mr. Biden makes up lost ground in Arizona, Nevada and North Carolina. It’s a gloomy prospect.
The main trouble with the continuation of the war is that it provides a constant stream of bloody headlines and daily outrages that will continue to inflame parts of the Democratic base, potentially pressuring turnout in some crucial spot if it continues into October, with the potential for further ghastly surprises, bloodshed and horrors.
THE HIGH COST OF BUYING, WELL, ANYTHING
President Biden’s second major challenge to emerge since October 2023 is inflation’s persistence in the American economy. While it’s clear from economic data that the U.S. economy is performing relatively well compared to the EU, China and most Latin American economies, it just doesn’t feel that way to large numbers of people, who still recall that a cup of coffee cost only $3 in 2019, but is likely to cost $4.50 now depending on where they live (it’s even more expensive at Starbuck’s!).
Up until the fourth quarter of 2023, it looked like inflation was steadily trending down. A majority of economists believed that the Federal Reserve Bank would start cutting short-term interest rates in June 2024. It’s now June, and the Fed hasn’t acted. The reason for their hesitation is inflation measures, which plateaued in early January that still haven’t resumed their downward trajectory of the autumn.
Cuts to short-term interest rates would be immediately felt by U.S. consumers applying for new mortgages and on monthly credit card statements. Home affordability is currently a major problem in the U.S., particularly for younger homebuyers, with the high cost of mortgages playing a key part. Fed rate cuts would make it seem as if Biden is doing a better job in this regard. But delays until the mid-autumn may be perceived as too little, too late by otherwise persuadable voters, most of whom don’t quite understand that Biden can’t dictate to the Fed its course of action.
It’s clearly an unfortunate turn of events, but also one that has been heavily influenced by the Biden Administration’s elevated federal spending, which is helping to keep inflation measures high and is also widening the federal deficit – a key worry among ‘swing’ voters.
THE BORDER MESS AS A WEDGE ISSUE
Thirdly, the crisis at the southern border is President Biden’s biggest political vulnerability. As with inflation, the problem is, to a certain extent, one of Mr. Biden’s own making. More so than the problem of inflation, in fact, given that Mr. Trump and Congressional Republicans contributed to the 2021-22 inflation burst by authorizing huge federal spending during the pandemic. President Biden merely continued the trend of higher federal spending into 2022 and beyond with his American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA) and other major federal initiatives.
By contrast, border crossings decreased during the Trump years, averaging less than 500,000 per year. From 2021 through 2023, border crossings exceeded 2 million annually, the highest level since the late 1990s. Shifts in immigration policy under the Biden Administration have contributed to this rise, as Mr. Biden sought to draw a line under Mr. Trump’s policies by following a different course.
The shift has not been popular. While progressives and advocates of higher immigration have cheered, the broad middle of the country has looked on in disquiet as the United States seems to have practically lost control of its southern border. Over 200,000 migrants have entered the country each month since the start of 2022. States like Texas and Florida have bussed the migrants to northern cities such as New York and Chicago, straining social services and inflicting billions of dollars in new costs.
Even as Democratic opinion has shifted rightward on the issue, Mr. Biden has been slow to act. After the president promoted a major border security initiative in February that came close to securing passage in the Senate, Mr. Trump’s allies scuttled the deal, leaving Mr. Biden holding an empty bag.
If Mr. Biden had acted quickly in early February when the deal caved in, he might have been given some credit by centrist-leaning voters and ‘Haley Republicans‘. But for some unknown reason, Mr. Biden dithered on issuing an executive order tightening border security until June 4, allowing months to pass while the spectacle on the Rio Grande played out every night on Fox News and dozens of local and national news outlets. Whether the president’s June 4 order will have any positive impact is unknown.
Worrisomely, Mr. Biden appears to have lost the initiative on the immigration issue, providing Mr. Trump with a potentially deadly cudgel at the start of the campaign.
WHO’S AFRAID OF THE BIG, BAD FAFSA?
FAFSA stands for “Free Application for Federal Student Aid” and is the standard form used by American college students to apply for federal financial tuition aid when they submit applications to American universities. FAFSA forms are found on the U.S. Department of Education’s website. Each form takes about 30 minutes to complete, and is submitted by applicants directly on the website.
Greymantle knows. He and his oldest child filled out one such form in early January 2024.
Because of the high cost of American college tuition, roughly 9 million families fill out and submit FAFSA forms to the U.S. Department of Education (DOE) each year.
In 2023, the Biden Administration decided to make improvements to the US DOE’s website to make the process of filling out the FAFSA form easier and faster. The problem is…the site upgrade did not work out quite as planned. After the new form had become available in the late autumn, many families – and by “many” we mean literally hundreds of thousands – discovered that their FAFSA forms had not been submitted correctly. The DOE website had not recorded their information. In quite a number of cases, the FAFSA forms appear to have been stuck in a digital limbo within the site.
The problems with the website meant that significant delays in the submission of the forms ensued, with some delays lasting for up to six weeks. During that period from mid-February into late March, American colleges typically notify prospective students whether they have been granted admission or not, with a student’s level of expected federal financial aid playing a key role in each college’s decision of whether or not to accept an applicant, based on their affordability.
As a result, hundreds of colleges and universities delayed their offers of acceptance by several weeks, well into the spring. And for an estimated 400,000 applicants whose FAFSA information was stuck in digital limbo until the end of March, the acceptance offers did not come at all.
The data is a bit unclear in this case and various numbers have been thrown around by a variety of sources. However, the general picture is clear enough. Whether it is 400,000 or 200,000 applicants, there are a couple of hundred thousand high school seniors in the U.S. who will not be going to college in the fall as they had planned, because they did not receive their federal financial aid on time.
Given that the recipients of the largest amounts of financial aid on an individual level tend to belong to Democratic-leaning minority groups, in particular black Americans, the ‘FAFSA fiasco’ if we can call it that disproportionately affected groups within Mr. Biden’s core voter base. That’s a problem in an election that will be decided by 100,000 to 200,000 voters in swing states like Michigan and Nevada.
If you are a young, African-American college student living in Detroit who is planning to vote for the first time in 2024, your views may be impacted by the fact that you have to delay going to college until 2025 because the Biden Administration screwed up the FAFSA. You were already disappointed by what’s happening in Gaza, which you follow on your TikTok account via several influencers that your Arab-American friends in your Detroit high school recommended to you. Boy, those influencers sure share a lot of graphic footage of dead Palestinians killed by Israeli bombs each week!
Do you see the problem here for Joe Biden?
THINKING THE UNTHINKABLE
The Four Horsemen of the Bidenpocalypse provide explanations for why President Biden’s electoral support is softer now than it was one year ago. Put simply, portions of his own base, along with some Independents and other ‘persuadable’ voters, now have several reasons to doubt the president’s abilities that they didn’t have at this time last year. That’s the situation in a nutshell.
At the same time, Donald Trump has secured his position as Republican nominee through the GOP primary process, wherein he pretty much trounced challengers like Nikki Haley and Ron DeSantis. While it seemed possible, even on the eve of the Iowa Primary, that one of these challengers might have an outside shot of unseating Trump, the reality is that Trump’s base encompasses nearly 70% of Republican voters with about 40% of Republicans being fanatically loyal to Trump.
Trump has solidified the party’s base around himself, and elected Republican leaders have fallen into line. Mr. Trump keeps telling the same lies about the 2020 election over and over, and with repetition has come unswerving belief among his core supporters.
Aiding Mr. Trump in the general election will be the fact that certain states have moved consistently rightward since the early 2010s and are now firmly in the Republican column. Big states with large numbers of Electoral College votes, namely Florida and Texas, fall into this category. Add to that Mr. Biden’s low approval ratings and general unpopularity, and it is easy to see the various paths that Mr. Trump has to electoral victory.
What hasn’t changed are Mr. Trump’s own vulnerabilities. These include consistently high negative approval ratings by nearly two-thirds of American voters (62% think he should not have run again), the antipathy of the Democratic voter base and more than half of Independent voters, and soft support among disengaged and less-likely voters, who will form the demographics most likely to swing the election to Mr. Trump in November — if they decide to actually come out and vote.
In an election that comes down to turning out the base, Mr. Trump is going to lose. He will lose narrowly, like he did in 2020 (at least in the Electoral College), but he will lose nevertheless. The danger is that key portions of Mr. Biden’s base don’t turn out to vote, and the disengaged and swing voters who typically decide American presidential elections do turn out to vote in large numbers, and they break for Trump.
THE THIRD PARTY WILD CARD REARS ITS HEAD AGAIN
But under the scenario outlined above, various complications could, and very likely will, arise.
As in the general elections 1992, 1996, 2000, and arguably 2016, third party candidates are poised to play their unofficial kingmaker role in American politics. The independent candidacy of Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. is drawing interest and enthusiasm among normally disengaged voters and current and former members of the more significant American third parties, the Greens, the Libertarians, and the now-moribund, but still extent, Reform Party.
RFK Jr. is on the ballot in 16 states and has secured funding for a ballot drive to secure his place on the ballot in all fifty. His quixotic campaign is drawing donations and volunteers. With a voter profile that is similar to the demographic and educational profile of many original Trump voters, it is possible that Kennedy could take enough votes away from Donald Trump in key states that he swings the election to President Biden on November 5.
In addition to Mr. Kennedy, 70, it is also clear that Green Party leader Jill Stein – widely blamed for Democratic Hillary Clinton’s 2016 election loss – will be on the ballot in all 50 states again in 2024.
The Libertarian Party is also expected to field a presidential candidate. Both Mr. Kennedy and Mr. Trump spoke at the Libertarian Party’s 2024 convention in late May. Mr. Kennedy was warmly welcomed, while Mr. Trump was heckled and booed by attendees – a development more eye-opening than a dozen national polls. While Libertarians typically receive less than 3% of the vote in national and state elections, their 1% to 3% share has remained consistent since 2000.
What these tidbits of information, colorful anecdotes, and recent electoral data mean for the 2024 election is anyone’s guess. Some commentators view JFK Jr. as a spoiler who could throw the election to Mr. Trump, while an equal number of political analysts believe the opposite.
Greymantle’s view is that RFK Jr. is indeed a threat to Donald Trump, and a bigger threat than the chattering classes realize. In our view, if RFK Jr. gets on the ballot in Arizona, New Mexico, Nevada, Michigan, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin, then Mr. Trump is going to have a real problem on November 5. Ditto for the Libertarian candidate. A Libertarian candidate will prove troublesome for Mr. Trump in Florida, New Hampshire, Vermont, and parts of the Midwest.
Why? Because RFK Jr. and the Libertarian ticket are attractive to segments of the public that spend a lot of time on Reddit. These voters are typically male, less educated, and often self-employed. They are the type of voters who supported Trump in 2016 but did not stick with him in 2020. They see themselves as clever and perceptive individualists who can’t have the wool pooled over their eyes. That’s not who they actually are, by the way, but what really matters is if they think Trump is trying to trick them.
In a tight contest, activated Independents, Libertarians and former Reform Party malcontents are going to be a problem for Mr. Trump unless he can prove to them, at the Republican convention and on the campaign trail, that he is not a complete lunatic and that he has real plans to address their worries.
It is Greymantle’s decided opinion that Mr. Trump is, in fact, a complete lunatic. But he has been a running a very disciplined election campaign – for a madman. His handlers clearly know how to keep his ‘crazy’ side on a leash. We’ll see if that holds at the Republican convention in July.
A ‘BLUE WALL’, OR A WALL OF PRO-CHOICE WOMEN?
Joe Biden is one of the great political pros of the past 50 years, and he hires smart people. They doubtless understand all the factors that Greymantle cited above, and are partly counting on the fickle nature of the ‘Reddit voters’ to direct attention away from Trump and onto other outsiders.
But relying on the fickleness of Independents was never a core element of Biden’s strategy. The Biden strategy relies on rebuilding what had long be known by Democratic political operatives as the ‘Blue Wall’ of industrial states in the Midwest that had repeatedly assured Democratic victories in U.S. presidential elections in decades past. The Blue Wall consists of Michigan, Minnesota, Pennsylvania, Illinois, Wisconsin and Ohio. It used to include West Virginia and Indiana, as well, until these states moved decidedly into the Republican column in the 2010s. Ohio has moved in that direction, as well.
Joe Biden’s 2020 electoral strategy relied on massive turnout of the Democratic base in all blue states and the rebuilding of the Blue Wall, at least temporarily, across the Midwest, as Biden appealed to working class voters who were feeling intense dislocation due to the COVID 19 pandemic.
Mr. Biden’s 2024 electoral strategy relies on much the same approach, but with a greater reliance on the southwestern states of Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, and New Mexico. Team Biden hopes to keep Arizona and Nevada blue as they did in 2020, while continuing to make inroads in North Carolina and Georgia. Flipping Texas blue in 2024 or 2028 is the Holy Grail for Democratic political operatives. RFK Jr. and the third parties could unwittingly assist the Democrats in attaining this goal in 2024, but it’s more likely that the Biden team view flipping Texas as still out of reach.
The Biden team’s ‘trump card’, if I may use the pun, is the abortion issue. The U.S. Supreme Court’s overturning of Roe v. Wade in June 2022 was a seismic U.S. political event. It spelled disaster for the Republicans in the 2022 midterm elections, turning an anticipated ‘Red Wave’ into a much-derided ‘Red Ripple’ as Republican candidates lost many winnable elections due to Roe.
Team Biden hope to repeat this performance in the 2024 general election by hammering into voters the notion that Donald Trump is the primary man to blame for overturning Roe, which also has the virtue of being true – although truth counts very little in American politics.
“Women of America, Donald Trump is coming for your bodies! He’s coming for your contraceptives! He is coming for all your fundamental rights! You just don’t know what he’s going to do next.” That messaging, in essence, is going to be central to the Biden campaign.
Greymantle believes it’s going to work. And not only in reliably socially liberal states like New York and California. Judging by how poorly the abortion referenda went for Republicans in conservative states like Kansas and Ohio, Greymantle thinks it’s a fair bet that Biden’s messaging is going to work wonders with American women.
As American women have shifted leftward politically since 2010, they have embraced more completely what used to be termed the ‘radical pro-abortion position’, which is that abortion should essentially be legal everywhere and at all stages of pregnancy, without restrictions. The Economist magazine has gotten wise to this trend, judging by the June 1, 2024 cover story for its U.S. edition featuring the iconic “Rosie the Riveter” image sporting a ‘My Body, My Choice’ tattoo on her bicep.
In a nation wherein men and women are now farther apart in their political beliefs than ever before, with declining rates of couple hood and marriage, where women with college degrees earn more than their male counterparts, and where many women have begun to think of themselves as part of a ‘tribe of women’ fighting for their tribal rights – the loadstar of which is the right to legalized abortion – this is going to be the issue that wins the election for Biden.
Rather than securing his victory behind the shield of a ‘Blue Wall’, Mr. Biden, a devout Roman Catholic, is going to secure his victory behind a wall of dead human fetuses, millions of them in the years to come. The invisible dead will be countless, in fact, because once fully enshrined into federal law, legal abortion will be a right on par with the right to vote as long as the republic stands, which could be for centuries.
As someone with pro-life sympathies, I find this outcome to be lamentable beyond what words can express. But the die has been cast.
The pro-life movement had been losing ground steadily for years in the hearts and minds of the Americans who actually count – the big donors, the college-educated, the media elites, the icons of entertainment and the arts.
The pro-life folks who attend church in Iowa and South Dakota and Wyoming on Sunday mornings may believe they can change that fundamental calculus. But they can’t. The county has moved away from them in too many other, fundamental ways. And the pro-life movement’s alliance of convenience with Donald Trump will be seen, in retrospect, as what put the nail into its coffin.
On the brink of victory (in its view) the Pro-Life Movement is going the way of the Temperance Movement. The abortion bans put in place in red states since 2022 are going to be seen, in retrospect, much like Prohibition, at least in the official histories. As legal measures, they will last a few years, but once repealed they will never be put in place again, and will soon be regarded as an anachronism.
Greymantle laments this. But I don’t want to see the country slide into dictatorship, either, especially a dictatorship with Mr. Trump at the head of it. There’s too much at stake, whether it’s the environment, the fates of Ukraine and Taiwan, the lives of working class families, the future of NATO, or the perils posed by artificial intelligence. This moment calls for sane leadership, not a slide into the chaotic and arbitrary rule of a mad and revenge-driven ‘lord of illusions’.
Whether we will avoid the fate of being ruled by Mr. Trump will depend on decisions made by millions of individual Americans and the current sitting president in the coming five months.
Until next time, I remain –
Greymantle
